Usazené horniny
Usazené horniny
Sedimentární horniny neboli usazené horniny se vytvářejí:
Usazováním odumřelých těl rostlin a živočichů.
Charakteristickým tělesem je rozsáhlá deskovitá vrstva.
Každá vrstva je ohraničena podložní(spodní) a nadložní(horní) plochou.
Souvrství je více vrstev nad sebou tvořených podobnými nebo stejnými horninami.
Vrstevní sled vyjadřuje pořadí, ve kterém vznikaly jednotlivé vrstvy.
Nejstarší horniny jsou na spod a mladší se ukládají nad nimi.
Usazené horniny dělíme na :
1) úlomkovité
2) organogenní
3) chemogenní
Vznik usazených hornin :
1) nahromaděním úlomků jiných hornin (např.: štěrk)
2) z pozůstatků organismů (např.: uhlé, některé vápance)
3) krystalizací (např.: usazeniny horkých pramenů)
Sedimenty (usazeniny) rozlišujeme podle toho kde se horniny usazují,
buď na mořské nebo na pevninské. Převládají mořské usazeniny, protože povrch je stále rozrušován zvětráváním
Usazování ovlivňuje :
1) gravitace
2) vítr- v pouštích, vytváří písečné duny
3) led
4) voda
Usazeniny rozdělujeme na zpevněné horniny(pískovec) a nezpevněné horniny(písek)
Mnoho pevninských usazenin nikdy nedosáhne stadia zpevnění----nejsou překryty dalšími usazeninami
V moři se usazeniny hromadí a jsou překrývány dalšími vrstvami-----tím se dostanou do větších hloubek a stlačují se-----postupně je z nich vypuzována voda, některé minerály se rozpustí a tmelí zrna horniny.
Velkou roli při zpevnění mají také i mořští živočichové (např.: ropa,zem. plym
-lůca-
Náhledy fotografií ze složky Usazené horniny
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